Today, with the increasingly fierce global technological competition, how to effectively protect core technologies has become a top priority for governments and enterprises around the world. Japans newly introduced Act on Promotion of Economic Security is an important measure to address this challenge. For enterprises, understanding and complying with these new regulations can not only ensure technological security but also gain an advantage in the international market.

Intensification of Global Technological Competition
With the intensification of global technological competition, countries pay more attention to the protection of high - tech fields. Especially in fields such as semiconductors, advanced electronic components, storage batteries, machine tools and industrial robots, aircraft components, etc. These technologies not only represent a countrys innovation ability but also an important guarantee for national security and economic security.

Hidden Risks of Japanese Technology Outflow
Japan has a rich reserve of high - end technologies, which are highly competitive in the global market. However, with the deepening of international cooperation and exchanges, the risk of technology outflow has gradually increased. In order to prevent the leakage of core technologies and maintain Japans international competitiveness in high - tech fields, the Japanese government has introduced a series of measures aimed at strictly controlling and managing the outflow of these technologies.

Necessity of Economic Security Assurance
In 2022, Japan passed the Act on Promotion of Economic Security, which designates specified important materials in 12 fields and supports their development through subsidies. Meanwhile, strict management measures were established to prevent technology outflow. In 2024, targeting ChinaMedical EquipmentThe first IPI investigation in the market also demonstrates Japans determination and efforts in preventing technology leakage.

Key areas and subsidy policies
The Act on Promotion of Economic Security covers specified important materials in 12 fields, with 5 fields receiving special focus: semiconductors, advanced electronic components, batteries, machine tools and industrial robots, and aircraft parts. Japans Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry will revise and implement subsidy-related notices, requiring subsidized enterprises to undertake obligations to prevent technology outflow.

Subsidy conditions and the obligation to prevent technology leakage
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan requires enterprises receiving subsidies to take a series of measures in technology management to ensure that technology does not leak. The main measures include:

Penalty measures for violations
If an enterprise violates the regulations, it may be required to return the subsidy. Especially in the semiconductor field, when the production of cutting - edge products in other countries increases by more than 5% or the production of traditional semiconductors in other countries increases by more than 10%, it needs to report in advance. Otherwise, it will face severe penalties.

Measures taken by the United States
The United States has also adopted strict technology protection measures. According to the CHIPS and Science Act, the United States provides subsidies to companies such as TSMC for factory construction, etc. Enterprises receiving subsidies are not allowed to expand their production capacity in countries that are opposed to the United States, such as China or Russia, within 10 years. If they violate the regulations, they will be required to return the subsidy.

Measures taken by South Korea and Taiwan region of China
South Korea allows enterprises to restrict the job - hopping of important technical talents in semiconductors and other fields recognized by the government to other enterprises. The Taiwan region of China stipulates that talents involved in important technologies need to obtain permission from the authorities if they go to the Chinese mainland.

Further measures taken by Japan
Japan is not only strengthening countermeasures in terms of subsidies but also in export control to prevent technology transfer. Materials and technologies with a high risk of military conversion are included in the control list and are strictly managed. It is expected that the foreign exchange laws will be revised to include cutting - edge technologies with a high Japanese share as objects of prior reporting.

Response of Japanese semiconductor enterprises
Take a Japanese semiconductor enterprise as an example. This enterprise has received government subsidies and support for technology research and development funds. In terms of management, the enterprise strictly limits the number of employees with access to important technologies and ensures that these employees sign a commitment not to take away the technology when leaving the company. At the same time, when sharing technology with customers, the enterprise has signed a detailed confidentiality agreement to ensure that the technology will not leak through customers.

Response strategies of Chinese enterprises
When participating in international technology cooperation and market competition, Chinese enterprises should pay close attention to the technology protection measures of countries such as Japan and formulate corresponding countermeasures. For example:

Japans adoption of strict measures in 5 areas such as semiconductors to prevent technology leakage is an inevitable choice in the context of intensifying global technology competition. Through the Economic Security Promotion Law and a series of specific measures, Japan hopes to maintain its international competitiveness in high - tech fields. When facing these measures, Chinese enterprises should strengthen technology management, reasonably arrange global production, and actively participate in the formulation of international standards to cope with the challenges and opportunities brought by international technology protection policies.

In the future global technology competition, how to effectively protect core technologies while obtaining competitive advantages in the global market will be an important issue faced by enterprises in various countries. Through reasonable policy responses and technology management, enterprises can achieve steady development in the global market and remain invincible in the fierce technology competition.